Thursday, April 11, 2013

Unilateral Training and Sports Performance

Single leg training, otherwise known as unilateral training, may be the most underdeveloped and overlooked area of strength & conditioning.  Just because an athlete can squat 500 pounds on two legs doesn’t mean they can squat and control their own bodyweight on one leg.  The development of single leg strength is extremely important in athletics.  For example, running is simply a series of single leg bounds where the athlete spends little time in contact with the ground.  If an athlete is not strong on one leg, they will be unable to cut and fun fast while staying injury free. 

Stabilization plays a key role in injury prevention.  An athlete must be able to stabilize their extremities while resisting external forces and do so under extreme conditions.  In order to stabilize the lower extremities during single leg movements, the body utilizes what Mike Boyle calls the lateral-sub system.  The lateral-sub system is comprised of the gluteus medius, the adductors, and the quadratus lumborum (Boyle, 2007).  The muscles of the lateral sub-system are recruited only during single leg activities and work to stabilize the femur by resisting rotation (2007).  During double leg or bi-lateral exercises, the lateral sub-system is not called into action and therefore not being trained.  This is why single leg training is so beneficial and functional to an athlete’s physical development and injury prevention.  So the next time you train, try to add some single leg squats or lunges in your workout.

Boyle, M. (2007). The Case for Single Limb Training. Retrieved from  http://tinyurl.com/bzvure4                                           

3 comments:

  1. You are absolutely right Charles, being strong with both arms or with both legs, as in the bench press and the back squat, doesn’t make an individual strong unilaterally. I’ve seen it many times before in the past, a guy has enormous maxes in all the main lifts, but isn’t capable of stabilizing on one foot to do a single one legged squat or even a Bulgarian split squat. I myself was subject to this instability in the past before I added single leg moves such as you stated, and it didn’t take long at all to gain stability in my extremities and my core. When I became more stable by using single leg/arm movements, my main lifts went up dramatically. Everybody should train unilaterally in their workouts to gain all around stability and strength.

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  2. I agree with both you and Cody. Unilateral strength is crucial to the athlete. As both of you mentioned, an athlete can be as strong as they want with the bench press or back squat, but have nothing to show for when it comes to strength individually in those areas. Not does it help prevent injuries but it also makes the athlete well-rounded when it comes down to game-time. Agility and core strength are definitely improved and the sub-lateral system should be emphasized more to athletes.

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  3. I agree with you that unilateral training is something that is overlooked. Unilateral movements may not drastically increase your bench or squat but they will definitely improve range of motion and activate the sleeping stabilizer muscles you mentioned. Unilateral training will also improve balance of an athlete or individual. The lateral-sub system is something that is worked on a consistent basis in many yoga classes. This is one of the reasons that yoga is becoming so popular in the NFL. Practicing yoga puts an increased focus on muscle groups like the lateral-sub system helps to not only enhance strength, flexibility, and balance, but also helps to prevent injuries.

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