Frozen Shoulder Following Stroke

Following cerebrovascular accident, a majority of individuals experience frozen muscles and joints on the affected side or sides. “Frozen shoulder (also called adhesive capsulitis) is a common disorder that causes pain, stiffness, and loss of normal range of motion in the shoulder.” 2 This resulting disability can be extremely painful and can worsen if not treated, causing serious consequences. The cause of frozen joints is not fully known or understood however, freezing commonly occurs from immobilization, injury, surgery or illness. This process begins with inflammation of soft tissue due to injury to the joint which intensifies with movement and limits range of motion. When the joint becomes immobilized the connective tissue surrounding the joint thickens and contracts losing its stretch reflex capability. Neglecting to move the joint due to avoidance of pain often results in further contraction of the joint as well as loss of lubricating synovial fluid. 1

There are many methods for treating frozen joints including medicinal methods, ice, and physical therapy. However, the most effective method for treating and improving a frozen shoulder is simply movement. Specifically movement that initially focuses on stretching the joint capsule and its surrounding tissue, then later focuses on strengthening the joint and its muscles.

Joint recovery and function takes time and work and differs among each individual. Unfreezing can span from several months to two to three years requiring consistent therapy and self treatment and attention. Stretches and exercises can be taught and performed at home decreasing the rehabilitation period and further benefiting the function of the joint.  

    

1 Bunker, T., & Anthony, P. (1995). The Pathology of Frozen Shoulder. The Bone & Joint Journal, 77-B(5), 677-683.

2 New Releases. (2010, December 7). Retrieved October 12, 2014, from http://www.health.harvard.edu/healthbeat/how-to-release-a-frozen-shoulder

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